It's recommended for adolescents, including both boys and girls, but may be given to adults, too. ![]() A vaccine to protect against HPV infection is available. If you choose to have anal sex, use condoms. Practicing safe sex may help prevent HPV and HIV, two sexually transmitted viruses that may increase your risk of anal cancer. There is no sure way to prevent anal cancer. Anal cancer that metastasizes most commonly spreads to the liver and the lungs. Only a small percentage of tumors are found to have spread, but those that do are especially difficult to treat. HIV - the virus that causes AIDS - suppresses the immune system and increases the risk of anal cancer.Īnal cancer rarely spreads (metastasizes) to distant parts of the body. People who take drugs to suppress their immune systems (immunosuppressive drugs), including people who have received organ transplants, may have an increased risk of anal cancer. Drugs or conditions that suppress your immune system.HPV infection is a sexually transmitted infection that can also cause genital warts. HPV infection increases your risk of several cancers, including anal cancer and cervical cancer. Those who have had cervical, vulvar or vaginal cancer have an increased risk of anal cancer. Smoking cigarettes may increase your risk of anal cancer. ![]() People who engage in receptive anal sex have an increased risk of anal cancer. People who have many sexual partners over their lifetimes have a greater risk of anal cancer. Most cases of anal cancer occur in people age 50 and older. Several factors have been found to increase the risk of anal cancer, including: ![]() HPV is thought to be the most common cause of anal cancers. Evidence of HPV is detected in the majority of anal cancers. Cancer cells invade nearby tissues and can separate from an initial tumor to spread elsewhere in the body (metastasize).Īnal cancer is closely related to a sexually transmitted infection called human papillomavirus (HPV). The accumulating abnormal cells form a mass (tumor). Abnormal cells grow and multiply out of control, and they don't die. Healthy cells grow and multiply at a set rate, eventually dying at a set time. Anal cancer forms when a genetic mutation turns normal, healthy cells into abnormal cells.
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